Assignments
1.
A. Mention the kinds
of pronoun !
B.
Make sentences for
each kind !
Answers :
A.
Pronouns are words
that we use in place of Nouns (or other Pronouns) in a sentence to make it less
repetitive and less awkward. Some of the most common Pronouns are - he, she,
you, they, it, etc. These Pronouns are divided into different categories based
on their use.
Ø Personal Pronouns
These pronouns are used for a specific object or person
and they change their forms to indicate the different genders, numbers, case
and persons speaking
‘Him’ is a Pronoun of gender.
‘Them’ is a Pronoun of number
showing that there is more than one person, and it is also a Pronoun of case as
it is referring to a specific group in an objective manner.
‘It’ is also
a Pronoun of gender showing the object (food).
Ø Demonstrative Pronouns
Demonstrative Pronouns are used to show or identify one
or a number of nouns that may be far or near in distance or time. They are only
four in number - This, That, These and Those. This and That are singular
demonstrative pronouns and These and Those are plural demonstrative pronouns.
They can also be used to show an unspecified quantity in a sentence.
Ø Interrogative Pronouns
Who, Whom, Which and What are Interrogative Pronouns as
they are used to ask questions about a person or object that we do not know
about. Compounds of these words are made by attaching ‘-ever’ to the words to
strengthen the emphasis on the word.
Ø Relative Pronouns
Relative Pronouns are used to join or relate two
different clauses together by referring to the noun in the previous clause
using the pronouns - Who, Whom,Whose, Which and That.
Ø Indefinite Pronouns
These pronouns are used to show unspecified objects or
people, whether in plural or in singular. They are used to indicate the entire
noun or some of the noun or none of the noun. They are used when we want to
refer to group of nouns without actually specifying who or how much.
Some common indefinite nouns are - anyone, someone, none, everything, many, few, etc.
Ø Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns
Reflexive Pronouns are those which are used to indicate a
noun which has been used in an earlier part of the same sentence. These
pronouns are - Myself,Themselves, Yourself, Ourselves, Herself, Himself and Itself.
Ø Reciprocal Pronoun
There are just two Reciprocal Pronouns - Each other and One another. They are used when two
or more nouns are doing or being the same to one another. Both of these
pronouns are plural in nature as they can only be used in situations where
there is more than one noun.
B. Example :
Ø
Personal
Pronouns
Gender :
-
He went to the market. - He is used for the male gender. Other
examples are - His, Him, He, etc.
-
She is doing the laundry. - She is used for the female gender. Other
examples are - Her, Hers, etc.
-
It is important to them. - It is
gender neutral as it shows an object, them is also gender neutral as them can consist of both genders. Other
gender neutral pronouns are - Their, They, Its, etc.
Number :
Singular Pronouns - Where the pronoun is only referring
to one specific noun.
-
That book belongs to me. - Me refers to one singular
person only.
Plural Pronouns - Where the pronoun is used to refer to a
number of nouns.
-
That is their book, not yours. - Their shows a number of people, hence it’s a
plural personal pronoun. Whereas the ‘yours’ in this sentence is another
example of singular personal pronoun.
Cases :
Subjective Case
:
-
She is at work. -‘She’ is the main subject of the sentence,
hence in this sentence, ‘she’ is the
subjective personal pronoun. You can ask the question ‘who/what is doing ______?’ to recognize whether a pronoun is
subjective or objective.
Objective Case :
-
He will meet us later.
-‘Us’ is
the objective personal noun as it the object of the verb meet. ‘He’ is the subject as he is
the person who will be doing the action of meeting.
Possessive Case
:
-
That is our clubhouse. - ‘Our’ shows
the possession of the object ‘clubhouse’. Possessive pronouns can also be used
to show possession over people.
Ø Demonstrative Pronouns
-
That is a beautiful house. - That is a demonstrative pronoun that is
referring to a specific noun (house). This is a singular pronoun as it is
referring to only one house.
-
These were made by me. - These is showing an unspecified quantity of
something that was made by a person. This is a plural demonstrative pronoun as
it’s referring to a number of objects.
-
Everyone remembers those days.
- Those is showing a particular time or period
of days in the past; it is being used in place of a noun that could be -
school, summer, college, etc. Here also those is a plural demonstrative pronoun as
it’s indicating a number of days.
-
This is what he is charging? - This is
used as pronoun in place of a number and it is also acting as a quantifier by
referring not only to the noun but to the amount/number of the noun as well. This is
a singular demonstrative pronoun.
Ø Interrogative Pronouns
-
Which one would you like? - Here, ‘which’ is being used to ask someone to make a
choice between different things, instead of naming every single choice that is
available.
-
What is your name? - What is used to ask a personal noun that
the speaker doesn’t know.
-
Who will be managing the buffet? - Who is used to ask about a specific person
related to a task.
-
Whom did you tell about this? - Whom is
showing/asking the person who was told something by ‘you’.
-
Whoever could have done this? - Whoever is the compound of ‘Who’ and it is
used here to emphasise the feeling of confusion in the sentence while still
asking a question.
-
Whichever one will you choose? - Whichever is used here to show strong emotion
while asking a person’s choice.
Ø
Relative
Pronouns
-
She will choose the
colour which looks
good on everyone.
-
She is complaining
to whoever she
comes across nowadays.
-
There is a car in
the parking lot that someone has painted a bright pink.
-
She needs to know by
tomorrow who will be accompanying her on the trip.
-
Is there anyone here whose mobile phone has a signal?
Ø Indefinite Pronouns
-
If anyone has seen my notebook please return it
to me. – Here, we see the pronoun anyone is being used to refer to everyone
without any specification.
-
A few of the members were not satisfied with
the service. - Few means a small number of
people/objects. Hence, it is a plural indefinite pronoun.
-
Nobody was answering when I
called them last. – Here, we see a pronounnobody being used to show no one at all. It
is a singular indefinite pronoun.
Ø Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns
-
Rosa was going to
take it to the shop but ended up fixing it herself one
afternoon. – Here, we can see that herself is being used to refer to ‘Rosa’ again
at the end of the sentence.
-
He prefers to be by himself after
a game. – Here, himself is used to refer to ‘him’.
-
Apart from ordering
in, they cooked a few snack themselves.
– Herethemselves is used to show that ‘they’ cooked
something.
-
The horse hurt itself while trying to escape. - Since itself is a gender neutral pronoun, it is
used to show the nouns that have no definite gender. E.g. : material things or
ideas, etc.; or whose gender is unknown. E : animals.
-
These same words are
also called Intensive Pronouns, which are used to lay emphasis on the pronoun
that comes before them in the sentence.
-
They themselves knew that the prank was in bad taste.
- Here, the pronounthemselves is used to emphasise
‘they’.
-
Avoid reporting
things that you yourself haven’t witnessed. - Here yourself is used to emphasise the pronoun
‘you’.
Ø Reciprocal Pronoun
-
Jamie and Jack
always sit beside each other in break. – Here, the reciprocation is
between the children as they both sit together.
-
They haven’t seen one another since last year. – Here, neither of
the two parties has seen each other in some time.
-
The trees seem to
reach towards each other in a strong wind. – Here, we have an
unspecified amount of trees bending towards the others in a strong wind.
2.
A. There are 3 types of question ! what
are they? (explain)
B. Give
the examples for those 3 types !
Answers :
A.
Ø Yes/No questions
Sometimes the only answer that we need is
yes or no
Ø
Question-word questions
Sometimes we want more than yes or no for
an answer. When asking for information, we usually place a question-word at the
beginning of the sentence. The question-word indicates the information that we
want, for example: where (place), when (time), why (reason), who (person)
Ø
Choice questions
Sometimes we give our listener a choice.
We ask them to choose between two possible answers. So their answer is
(usually) already in the question.
B.
Ø Yes/No questions
auxiliary
verb
|
subject
|
not
|
main
verb
|
answer:
yes or no |
|
Do
|
you
|
want
|
dinner?
|
Yes, I do.
|
|
Can
|
you
|
drive?
|
No, I can't.
|
||
Has
|
she
|
not
|
finished
|
her work?
|
Yes, she has.
|
Did
|
they
|
go
|
home?
|
No, they didn't.
|
Ø
Question-word questions
question
word
|
auxiliary
verb
|
not
|
subject
|
main
verb
|
answer:
information |
|
Where
|
do
|
you
|
live?
|
In Paris.
|
||
When
|
will
|
we
|
have
|
lunch?
|
At 1pm.
|
|
Why
|
has
|
n't
|
Tara
|
done
|
it?
|
Because she can't.
|
Who(m)
|
did
|
she
|
meet?
|
She met Ram.
|
||
Who*
|
has
|
run
|
out?
|
Ati has run out.
|
||
Who**
|
ran
|
out?
|
Ati ran out.
|
Ø Choice questions
auxiliary
verb
|
subject
|
main
verb
|
or
|
answer:
in question |
||
Do
|
you
|
want
|
tea
|
or
|
coffee?
|
Coffee, please.
|
Will
|
we
|
meet
|
John
|
or
|
James?
|
John.
|
SUMBER
:
